Source: cleanenergynews.ihsmarkit.com
India intends to quintuple the size of a subsidy scheme for domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) module makers, pushing forward with the country's Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) strategy for decarbonizing its economy.
To help counter climate change, the world's third largest GHG emitter is aiming to have 500 GW of renewable energy capacity installed by 2030—including at least 280 GW of solar—before reaching 순{0}}배출 제로 by 2070.
"This decarbonization strategy opens up huge employment opportunities and will take the country on a sustainable development path," Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman told the country's parliament in 연간 예산 연설 1 February.
2022년 4월부터 2023년 3월까지의 예산에서 뉴델리는 국내 PV 모듈 제조를 촉진하기 위해 PLI(생산 연계 인센티브) 프로그램에 195억 루피(26억 1000만 달러)를 추가로 할당할 것이라고 Sitharaman이 말했습니다.
지난 연간 예산에서 Rs 4,500 crore(6억)으로 시작한 PLI는 판매, 제품 품질 및 현지 콘텐츠에 따라 선택된 모듈 공장에 보조금을 제공합니다.
IHS Markit estimates 80 percent -90 percent of India's solar components are imported, with China the main supplier. Government figures show India currently has annual production capacity of just 2.5 GW for PV cells and 9-10 GW for modules.
But the initial PLI budget will help drive the expansion of India-based manufacturers, according to the National Investment Promotion Facilitation Agency (NIPFA), and India's capacity of integrated module plants that can convert wafer-ingots to modules is expected to 10GW에 도달 by the end of March 2023.
The government agency expects India's annual module manufacturing capacity to expand by 30-35 GW between 2021 and 2025, in part driven by strong demand and policy incentives.
New Delhi is hoping to generate employment opportunities and attract foreign investment as a result of expanding the PV manufacturing sector, said 아밋 마노하르, NIPFA의 투자 전문가.
"After a decade of innovation and cost reductions, the solar energy sector has evolved to a major source of energy, and it could potentially serve 30 percent or more of India's electricity demand by 2030," Manohar said.
Atmanirbhar Bharat 전략
Since 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been promoting the 아트마니르바르 바라트 strategy in several sectors—including renewables—to boost domestic manufacturing capacity in a post-COVID recovery.
2021년 4월부터 2022년 3월까지의 예산에서 뉴델리는 인도의 Solar Energy Corporation에 1억 루피(1억 3300만)를, 인도 재생 에너지 개발청에 15억 루피(2억)를 투자했습니다. 기관은 다양한 중앙 정부 후원{8}} 인센티브 프로그램을 운영할 책임이 있습니다.
2021년 4월부터{1}인도의 승인된 모듈 제조업체 목록에 있는 회사만 중앙 정부가 후원하는 태양열 입찰에 입찰할 수 있습니다.
또한 정부는 오는 4월부터 수입 태양광 모듈에 40%, 셀에 25%의 기본 관세를 부과할 계획이다.
Kashish Shah, an analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, suggested the policy initiatives' effects are likely to be compounded by 공급망 문제 in the global PV industry. "Module manufacturing in India has never been more viable," 샤가 말했다 last December.
강력한 정책 신호와 함께 일부 주요 인도 기업은 태양 에너지에 중점을 둔 대규모 재생 가능 투자 프로그램을 발표했습니다.
Reliance Industries는 2030년까지 100GW의 태양열 용량을 구축한다는 목표를 설정하고 작년에 REC Group을 7억 7,100만 달러에 인수한 후 Jamnagar에 통합 PV 패널 공장을 설립할 것이라고 밝혔습니다. 발전소는 연간 4GW의 초기 용량을 가질 것으로 예상되며 최종적으로 10GW로 증가할 것으로 예상됩니다.
In January, Reliance, India's largest publicly traded company by market capitalization, announced 재생 가능한 투자 이니셔티브 totaling Rs 595,500 crore (80 billion), and a substantial proportion of the money will be used to develop manufacturing facilities for PV modules, electrolyzers, batteries, fuel cells, as well as hydrogen and low-carbon energy projects in Gujarat over the next 10-15 years.
Rival conglomerate 아다니 그룹 plans to invest 50 billion to 70 billion in decarbonization projects in the next decade, including 20 billion in renewable energy generation. It aims to have a solar manufacturing capacity of 2 GW per annum by the end of March 2023.
While the government's policies are prompting more investment in domestic manufacturing, IHS Markit Renewable Analyst Ankita Chauhan warned of short-term disruptions to solar installations in the country.
"Current domestic manufacturing is not sufficient to meet the domestic demand, and it may take another three to five years to build it up," said Chauhan, adding that the policies favoring Indian manufacturers will push up overall costs, and restrict vendor choices for procurement and project timelines.
돈을 보여줘
최근 연간 예산에서 인도 정부는 재활용을 개선하고 임농복합경영을 촉진하며 충전 네트워크가 불가능할 때마다 전기 자동차에 배터리 교체 정책을 채택하고 화력 발전소에서 사용되는 석탄의 5~7%를 석탄으로 대체할 것이라고 밝혔습니다. 다른 탈탄소화 조치 중 바이오매스 펠릿.
Sitharaman said India will issue sovereign green bonds in the coming fiscal year to fund "green infrastructure" in the public sector, without elaborating.
Official data showed India had 150.5 GW of renewable capacity installed in November when large hydropower projects were taken into account. This means annual capacity additions of 40-50 GW will be required to meet the government's 500 GW target by 2030.
"On a very conservative capital funding calculation the investment required for achieving the target is approximately 210 billion," said Manohar, adding that both public and private stakeholders need to contribute.
지난 달 발행된 보고서에서 IHS Markit 분석가들은 인도가 2030년 목표를 달성하기 위해 연간 투자에서 280억 이상이 필요할 것으로 추정했는데, 이는 지난 5년 동안의 평균 지출이 70억이었습니다.
"Project developers are tapping international capital markets to access low-cost financing, but the government needs to improve regulatory transparency, introduce a uniform green taxonomy, and provide targeted interventions to improve access to low-cost international capital," the note said.
미국 로렌스 버클리 국립 연구소(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)의 연구원들은 저탄소 발전 용량에 투자하는 것 외에도{0}인도 이해 관계자들이 그리드 안정성을 보장하기 위해 63GW의 배터리 저장 장치에 400억 달러를 투자해야 한다고 말했습니다.
Still, they believe renewable expansion will be the cheapest overall option in meeting India's rising electricity demand.
"Dramatic cost reductions over the last decade for wind, solar, and battery storage technologies position India to leapfrog to a more flexible, robust, and sustainable power system for delivering affordable and reliable power to serve demand that will nearly double by 2030," they said in 연구 published last December.
